Effects of slaughtering operations on carcass contamination in an Irish pork production plant
Conclusions
This study has shown relatively high numbers of EB at several stages of a pork slaughtering process. Singeing resulted in significant reductions of both TVC and EB; however this trend was offset by re-/cross- contamination in later stages of processing. Although TVC results at the end of the pork production process largely fell within EU limits, the overall results provide evidence that monitoring single predetermined CCPs in isolation from the rest of the procedure can mask possible deficiencies of a HACCP plan and thus, there is scope in establishing baseline criteria for each consecutive stage of the production. The study demonstrates the usefulness of monitoring more than one location within the process for each plant so that high risk stages can be identified, increased controls implemented and ongoing monitoring carried out to assess the effectiveness of additional interventions.
Abbreviations
HACCP: Hazard analysis and critical control point; CCP: Critical control point; EU: European Union; MRD: Maximum recovery diluent.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
PW carried out the experimental work and drafted the manuscript. EG reviewed the scientific work, helped to draft the manuscript, and conducted the statistical analysis. AM supervised the experimental work and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge Dr Yu-Mei Chang for her technical help with the statistical analysis.
References
- Anonymous: Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005, on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. O J EU 2005, l35:1.
- Wilhelm B, Rajic A, Greig JD, Waddell L, Harris J: The effect of hazard analysis critical control point programs on microbial contamination of carcasses in abattoirs: a systematic review of published data. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011, 8:949-960.
- Vanderlinde P, Jenson I, Sumner J: Using national microbiological data to set meaningful performance criteria for slaughter and dressing of animals at Australian export abattoirs. Int J Food Microbiol 2005, 104:155-159.
- Stephan R, Baltzer D, Zweifel C: Bacteriological monitoring of cattle and pig carcass contamination at abattoirs in accordance with Decision 2001/471/EC. Fleischwirtschaft 2005, 85:100-104.
- Zweifel C, Baltzer D, Stephan R: Microbiological contamination of cattle and pig carcasses at five abattoirs determined by swab sampling in accordance with EU Decision 2001/471/EC. Meat Sci 2005, 69:559-566.
- Bolton DJ, Pearce RA, Sheridan JJ, Blair IS, McDowell DA, Harrington D: Washing and chilling as critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) systems. J Appl Microbiol 2002, 92:893-902.
- Spescha C, Stephan R, Zweifel C: Microbiological contamination of pig carcasses at different stages of slaughter in two European Union-approved abattoirs. J Food Protect 2006, 69:2568-2575.
- Hutchison ML, Thomas DJI, Small AH, Buncic S, Howell M: Implementation of compulsory hazard analysis critical control point system and its effect on concentrations of carcass and environmental surface bacterial indicators in United Kingdom red meat slaughterhouses. J Food Protect 2007, 70:1633-1639.
- Zweifel C, Fischer R, Stephan R: Microbiological contamination of pig and cattle carcasses in different small-scale Swiss abattoirs. Meat Sci 2008, 78:225-231.
- Zweifel C, Spescha C, Stephan R: Process stages in pig slaughter: influence on the microbiological contamination of carcasses in two abattoirs. Archiv Fur Lebensmittelhygiene 2007, 58:7-12.
- Martínez B, Celda MF, Millán ME, Espacio A, Cano M, López-Mendoza MC: Assessment of the microbiological conditions of red-meat carcasses from bacterial counts recovered by sampling via excision or swabbing with cotton wool. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009, 44:770-776.
- Hutchison ML, Walters LD, Avery SM, Reid C-A, Wilson D, Howell M, Johnston AM, Buncic S: A comparison of wet-dry swabbing and excision sampling methods for microbiological testing of bovine, porcine, and ovine carcasses at red meat slaughterhouses. J Food Protect 2005, 68:2155-2162.
- Sheridan JJ: Monitoring CCPs in HACCP systems. In HACCP in the meat industry. Edited by Sheridan JJ. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2000::203-230.
- Small A, James C, James S, Davies R, Liebana E, Howell M, Hutchison M, Buncic S: Presence of Salmonella in the red meat abattoir lairage after routine cleansing and disinfection and on carcasses. J Food Protect 2006, 69:2342-2351.
- Schutz F, Filipp M: Monitoring the contamination rate of pigs on the killing line. Fleischwirtschaft 1991, 71:57-60.
- Pearce RA, Bolton DJ, Sheridan JJ, McDowell DA, Blair IS, Harrington D: Studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems. Int J Food Microbiol 2004, 90:331-339.
- Gill CO, Jones T: The presence of Aeromonas, Listeria and Yersinia in carcass processing equipment at two pig slaughtering plants. Food Microbiol 1995, 12:135-141.
- Namvar A, Warriner K: Application of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction to trace the fate of generic Escherichia coli within a high capacity pork slaughter line. Int J Food Microbiol 2006, 108:155-163.
- Palumbo SA, Pickard A, Call JE: Fate of gram-positive bacteria in reconditioned, pork- processing plant water. J Food Protect 1999, 62:194-197.
- Berends BR, Van Knapen F, Snijders JMA, Mossel DAA: Identification and quantification of risk factors regarding Salmonella spp. on pork carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 1997, 36:199-206.
- Delhalle L, Saegerman C, Farnir F, Korsak N, Maes D, Messens W, De Sadeleer L, De Zutter L, Daube G: Salmonella surveillance and control at post-harvest in the Belgian pork meat chain. Food Microbiol 2009, 26:265-271.
- Sheridan JJ: Sources of contamination during slaughter and measures for control. J Food Safety 1998, 18:321-339.
- Bryant J, Brereton DA, Gill CO: Implementation of a validated HACCP system for the control of microbiological contamination of pig carcasses at a small abattoir. Canadian Veterinary Journal-Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 2003, 44:51-55.
- Borch E, Nesbakken T, Christensen H: Hazard identification in swine slaughter with respect to foodborne bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 1996, 30:9-25.
- Pointon AM, Hamilton D, Kolega V, Hathaway SC: Risk assessment of organoleptic postmortem inspection procedures for pigs. Vet Record 2000, 146:124-131.
- Anonymous: European food safety authority: the assessment of the comparison of the Australian monitoring programme for carcasses to requirements in regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria on foodstuffs. EFSA J Animal Vet Adv 2010, 8:1452.
- Pearce KL, Hopkins DL, Toohey E, Pethick DW, Richards I: Quantifying the rate of pH and temperature decline in lamb carcasses using medium voltage electrical stimulation in an Australian abattoir. Australian J Experimental Agriculture 2006, 46:869-874.
- Burfoot D, Whyte R, Tinker D, Howell M, Hall K, Holah J, Smith D, White R, Baker D, McIntosh J: Importance of airborne contamination during dressing of beef and lamb carcasses. J Food Protect 2006, 69:2828-2836.
- Barron UG, Bergin D, Butler F: A meta-analysis study of the effect of chilling on prevalence of Salmonella on pig carcasses. J Food Protect 2008, 71:1330-1337.
Comments are closed.
Recent Comments